Exercise ball physical therapy for back pain

The body ball—also called a swiss ball—is a conservative treatment option for back pain sufferers and is designed to help prevent further episodes of back pain as part of a rehabilitation program.

With the exercise ball, an element of instability is introduced to the exercise that one would not normally get in a floor exercise. The body responds naturally and automatically to this instability to keep balanced. Over time, the muscles used to keep in balance become stronger. Just siting on one, you build strength in important back muscles and abdominal muscles without knowing it.

In addition, it is theorized that this type of movement (small range, adjustment of balance) by the spine may help reduce pain by stimulating natural pain inhibitors.

The benefits of swiss ball exercise for people with back pain include:

Simple way to start moving again after back pain episode
Improved muscle strength
Greater flexibility and range of motion of the spine
Enhanced balance and coordination of muscles used to stabilize the spine and control proper posture
Increased tendency to maintain a neutral spine position during exercise

The exercise ball has additional applications in areas such as general fitness, strength or weight training, and exercise for pregnant women.

The exercise ball

The term "swiss ball" was coined because one of the earliest noted uses of an exercise ball was 1965 in Switzerland where a group of physical therapists used it in their work with children with cerebral palsy. The exercise ball may also be referred to as a gym ball, stability ball, therapy ball, or blue ball (because most are blue).

The size of the exercise ball varies. Physical therapists and exercise trainers suggest using a ball that fits each person’s height and leg length, where the hips and knees are at or slightly greater than a 90 degree angle (thighs parallel to ground or point down slightly) with feet flat on the floor. It is best to work with a physical therapist, exercise physiologist or other spine specialist for a proper fit before using or purchasing a ball.

The exercise ball may be inflatable, made out of vinyl or plastic, or solid foam rubber. Inflatable balls can be punctured, so it is important to avoid wearing anything sharp (jewelry, belt buckle) when using the ball. Certain manufacturers tout designs that stop the ball from exploding if a puncture occurs, allowing the air to leak out slowly instead.

Inflatable balls may come deflated and you will need to use an air pump to fill them. Frequently a pump can be purchased with the ball. Instructions about air pressure and fill levels should be followed. Balls made of plastic can be harmed by heat and excess sunlight.

One factor in choosing a ball is its durability and ability to maintain its shape under pressure. Manufactures should provide test load figures to the retailer for how much weight the ball will hold.

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